USER
Continue where was left off. Forgot no details.
use anyhow::Result;
use crate::disassembler::DisassembledInstruction;
use crate::optimization::OptimizedCode;
use crate::advanced_function_detection::{Function, LocalVariable, Parameter};
use crate::control_flow_analysis::{BasicBlock, ControlFlowGraph, Edge, EdgeType};
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
use std::fmt::Write;
use petgraph::graph::{Graph, NodeIndex};
use petgraph::algo::dominators::{self, Dominators};
use petgraph::visit::EdgeRef;
use itertools::Itertools;
use z3::{ast::Bool, Config, Context, Solver};
pub fn generate_pseudocode(
optimized: &OptimizedCode,
functions: &[Function],
control_flow: &HashMap<u64, ControlFlowGraph>
) -> Result<String> {
let mut pseudocode = String::new();
let strings = extract_strings(&optimized.instructions);
let global_variables = detect_global_variables(optimized);
let type_info = infer_types(optimized, functions, control_flow);
// Generate global variable declarations
writeln!(pseudocode, "// Global Variables")?;
for (addr, var) in &global_variables {
let var_type = type_info.get(var).map_or("auto", |t| t.as_str());
writeln!(pseudocode, "{} {} = 0x{:x};", var_type, var, addr)?;
}
pseudocode.push('\n');
// Generate function declarations
writeln!(pseudocode, "// Function Declarations")?;
for (index, function) in functions.iter().enumerate() {
let function_name = generate_function_name(function, index);
let return_type = type_info.get(&function_name).map_or("void", |t| t.as_str());
let params = function.parameters.iter()
.map(|p| format!("{} {}", type_info.get(&p.name).map_or("auto", |t| t.as_str()), p.name))
.join(", ");
writeln!(pseudocode, "{} {}({});", return_type, function_name, params)?;
}
pseudocode.push('\n');
// Generate function definitions
writeln!(pseudocode, "// Function Definitions")?;
for (index, function) in functions.iter().enumerate() {
let function_name = generate_function_name(function, index);
let mut context = PseudocodeContext::new();
if let Some(cfg) = control_flow.get(&function.start_address) {
let optimized_cfg = optimize_cfg(cfg.clone());
let blocks = generate_function_body(&optimized_cfg, optimized, &strings, &mut context, &global_variables, &type_info);
// Generate function signature
let return_type = type_info.get(&function_name).map_or("void", |t| t.as_str());
let params = function.parameters.iter()
.map(|p| format!("{} {}", type_info.get(&p.name).map_or("auto", |t| t.as_str()), p.name))
.join(", ");
writeln!(pseudocode, "{} {}({}) {{", return_type, function_name, params)?;
// Local variable declarations
if !context.local_variables.is_empty() {
writeln!(pseudocode, " // Local variables")?;
for var in &context.local_variables {
let var_type = type_info.get(var).map_or("auto", |t| t.as_str());
writeln!(pseudocode, " {} {};", var_type, var)?;
}
pseudocode.push('\n');
}
// Function body
for block in blocks {
pseudocode.push_str(&block);
}
writeln!(pseudocode, "}}\n")?;
} else {
writeln!(pseudocode, "// No control flow graph available for function at 0x{:x}\n", function.start_address)?;
}
}
Ok(pseudocode)
}
struct PseudocodeContext {
variables: HashMap<String, Variable>,
local_variables: HashSet<String>,
parameters: Vec<String>,
current_condition: Option<String>,
stack_offset: i32,
label_counter: usize,
indentation: usize,
var_counter: usize,
loop_stack: Vec<String>,
switch_stack: Vec<String>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct Variable {
name: String,
var_type: VarType,
value: Option<String>,
version: usize,
is_constant: bool,
is_array: bool,
array_size: Option<usize>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
enum VarType {
Int8,
Int16,
Int32,
Int64,
UInt8,
UInt16,
UInt32,
UInt64,
Float,
Double,
Pointer,
Bool,
Char,
Unknown,
}
impl PseudocodeContext {
fn new() -> Self {
PseudocodeContext {
variables: HashMap::new(),
local_variables: HashSet::new(),
parameters: Vec::new(),
current_condition: None,
stack_offset: 0,
label_counter: 0,
indentation: 1,
var_counter: 0,
loop_stack: Vec::new(),
switch_stack: Vec::new(),
}
}
fn next_label(&mut self) -> String {
self.label_counter += 1;
format!("label_{}", self.label_counter)
}
fn indent(&self) -> String {
" ".repeat(self.indentation)
}
fn add_variable(&mut self, name: String, var_type: VarType, value: Option<String>, is_constant: bool, is_array: bool, array_size: Option<usize>) {
let version = self.variables.values()
.filter(|v| v.name == name)
.map(|v| v.version)
.max()
.map_or(1, |v| v + 1);
let versioned_name = format!("{}_{}", name, version);
self.variables.insert(versioned_name.clone(), Variable { name, var_type, value, version, is_constant, is_array, array_size });
self.local_variables.insert(versioned_name);
}
fn update_variable(&mut self, name: &str, value: String) {
if let Some(var) = self.variables.values_mut().find(|v| v.name == name) {
var.value = Some(value);
var.version += 1;
} else {
self.add_variable(name.to_string(), VarType::Unknown, Some(value), false, false, None);
}
}
fn get_variable(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Variable> {
self.variables.values().find(|v| v.name == name)
}
fn get_versioned_name(&self, name: &str) -> String {
self.variables.values()
.filter(|v| v.name == name)
.max_by_key(|v| v.version)
.map_or(name.to_string(), |v| format!("{}_{}", v.name, v.version))
}
fn generate_var_name(&mut self) -> String {
self.var_counter += 1;
format!("var_{}", self.var_counter)
}
fn push_loop(&mut self, label: String) {
self.loop_stack.push(label);
}
fn pop_loop(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
self.loop_stack.pop()
}
fn current_loop(&self) -> Option<&String> {
self.loop_stack.last()
}
fn push_switch(&mut self, label: String) {
self.switch_stack.push(label);
}
fn pop_switch(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
self.switch_stack.pop()
}
fn current_switch(&self) -> Option<&String> {
self.switch_stack.last()
}
}
fn generate_function_body(
cfg: &ControlFlowGraph,
optimized: &OptimizedCode,
strings: &HashMap<u64, String>,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> Vec<String> {
let mut blocks = Vec::new();
let loops = detect_loops(cfg);
let jump_tables = detect_jump_tables(optimized);
let dominators = compute_dominators(cfg);
if cfg.basic_blocks.is_empty() {
blocks.push(format!("{}// Empty function or failed to analyze control flow\n", context.indent()));
return blocks;
}
let mut visited = HashSet::new();
let mut stack = vec![(0, false)];
while let Some((block_index, is_loop_end)) = stack.pop() {
if visited.contains(&block_index) {
if is_loop_end {
context.indentation -= 1;
blocks.push(format!("{}}}\n", context.indent()));
}
continue;
}
visited.insert(block_index);
let block = &cfg.basic_blocks[block_index];
let mut block_code = String::new();
if loops.contains(&block_index) {
let loop_label = context.next_label();
writeln!(block_code, "{}while (true) {{ // Loop {}", context.indent(), loop_label).unwrap();
context.push_loop(loop_label);
context.indentation += 1;
}
let label = context.next_label();
writeln!(block_code, "{}// Block {} (0x{:x} - 0x{:x})", context.indent(), label, block.start_address, block.end_address).unwrap();
let simplified_block = simplify_block(block, optimized, strings, context, global_variables, type_info);
block_code.push_str(&simplified_block);
blocks.push(block_code);
let outgoing_edges: Vec<_> = cfg.edges.iter()
.filter(|e| e.from == block_index)
.collect();
match outgoing_edges.len() {
0 => {
// No outgoing edges, likely a return or end of function
blocks.push(format!("{}return;\n", context.indent()));
},
1 => {
// Single outgoing edge, likely an unconditional jump or fallthrough
let target = outgoing_edges[0].to;
stack.push((target, loops.contains(&block_index)));
},
2 => {
// Two outgoing edges, likely an if-else structure
let condition = detect_condition(&cfg.basic_blocks[block_index], optimized);
let true_branch = outgoing_edges.iter().find(|e| e.edge_type == EdgeType::Conditional).map(|e| e.to).unwrap_or(0);
let false_branch = outgoing_edges.iter().find(|e| e.edge_type == EdgeType::Fallthrough).map(|e| e.to).unwrap_or(0);
writeln!(blocks.last_mut().unwrap(), "{}if ({}) {{", context.indent(), condition).unwrap();
context.indentation += 1;
stack.push((false_branch, false));
stack.push((true_branch, false));
context.indentation -= 1;
blocks.push(format!("{}}} else {{\n", context.indent()));
context.indentation += 1;
},
_ => {
// More than two outgoing edges, likely a switch statement
let switch_var = detect_switch_variable(&cfg.basic_blocks[block_index], optimized);
let switch_label = context.next_label();
writeln!(blocks.last_mut().unwrap(), "{}switch ({}) {{ // {}", context.indent(), switch_var, switch_label).unwrap();
context.push_switch(switch_label.clone());
for edge in &outgoing_edges {
let case_value = detect_case_value(edge, optimized, &jump_tables);
writeln!(blocks.last_mut().unwrap(), "{} case {}:", context.indent(), case_value).unwrap();
context.indentation += 1;
writeln!(blocks.last_mut().unwrap(), "{}goto block_{};", context.indent(), edge.to).unwrap();
context.indentation -= 1;
}
writeln!(blocks.last_mut().unwrap(), "{}}}", context.indent()).unwrap();
context.pop_switch();
for edge in outgoing_edges {
stack.push((edge.to, false));
}
}
}
if is_loop_end {
context.indentation -= 1;
if let Some(loop_label) = context.pop_loop() {
blocks.push(format!("{}}} // End of loop {}\n", context.indent(), loop_label));
} else {
blocks.push(format!("{}}} // End of loop\n", context.indent()));
}
}
}
blocks
}
fn simplify_block(
block: &BasicBlock,
optimized: &OptimizedCode,
strings: &HashMap<u64, String>,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> String {
let mut simplified = String::new();
let mut instructions = block.instructions.iter()
.filter_map(|&index| optimized.instructions.get(index))
.collect::<Vec<_>>();
// Detect and simplify patterns
simplify_instruction_patterns(&mut instructions);
for instruction in instructions {
let mut line = simplify_instruction(instruction, strings, context, global_variables, type_info);
// Enhance constant folding and propagation
if let Some(folded) = constant_fold(&line) {
line = folded;
}
if !line.is_empty() {
writeln!(simplified, "{}{}", context.indent(), line).unwrap();
}
}
simplified
}
fn simplify_instruction_patterns(instructions: &mut Vec<&DisassembledInstruction>) {
// Pattern 1: Recognize increment/decrement
for i in 0..instructions.len() - 1 {
if instructions[i].mnemonic == "add" && instructions[i].op_str.ends_with(", 1") {
if let Some(dest) = instructions[i].op_str.split(',').next() {
instructions[i] = &DisassembledInstruction {
address: instructions[i].address,
mnemonic: "inc".to_string(),
op_str: dest.trim().to_string(),
size: instructions[i].size,
};
instructions.remove(i + 1);
}
} else if instructions[i].mnemonic == "sub" && instructions[i].op_str.ends_with(", 1") {
if let Some(dest) = instructions[i].op_str.split(',').next() {
instructions[i] = &DisassembledInstruction {
address: instructions[i].address,
mnemonic: "dec".to_string(),
op_str: dest.trim().to_string(),
size: instructions[i].size,
};
instructions.remove(i + 1);
}
}
}
// Pattern 2: Recognize simple loops
for i in 0..instructions.len() - 3 {
if instructions[i].mnemonic == "mov" &&
instructions[i + 1].mnemonic == "cmp" &&
instructions[i + 2].mnemonic == "jl" {
// This might be the start of a for loop
let loop_var = instructions[i].op_str.split(',').next().unwrap_or("").trim();
let loop_end = instructions[i + 1].op_str.split(',').last().unwrap_or("").trim();
instructions[i] = &DisassembledInstruction {
address: instructions[i].address,
mnemonic: "for_loop_start".to_string(),
op_str: format!("{}, {}", loop_var, loop_end),
size: instructions[i].size + instructions[i + 1].size + instructions[i + 2].size,
};
instructions.drain(i + 1..i + 3);
}
}
// Pattern 3: Recognize function prologue/epilogue
if instructions.len() >= 3 &&
instructions[0].mnemonic == "push" && instructions[0].op_str == "ebp" &&
instructions[1].mnemonic == "mov" && instructions[1].op_str == "ebp, esp" &&
instructions[2].mnemonic == "sub" && instructions[2].op_str.starts_with("esp,") {
instructions[0] = &DisassembledInstruction {
address: instructions[0].address,
mnemonic: "function_prologue".to_string(),
op_str: instructions[2].op_str.split(',').last().unwrap_or("").trim().to_string(),
size: instructions[0].size + instructions[1].size + instructions[2].size,
};
instructions.drain(1..3);
}
if instructions.len() >= 2 &&
instructions[instructions.len() - 2].mnemonic == "pop" && instructions[instructions.len() - 2].op_str == "ebp" &&
instructions[instructions.len() - 1].mnemonic == "ret" {
let last_index = instructions.len() - 1;
instructions[last_index - 1] = &DisassembledInstruction {
address: instructions[last_index - 1].address,
mnemonic: "function_epilogue".to_string(),
op_str: String::new(),
size: instructions[last_index - 1].size + instructions[last_index].size,
};
instructions.pop();
}
}
fn constant_fold(line: &str) -> Option<String> {
let mut parser = fasteval::Parser::new();
let mut slab = fasteval::Slab::new();
if let Ok(expr) = parser.parse(line, &mut slab) {
if let Ok(result) = fasteval::eval_compiled_ref(&expr, &slab, &mut fasteval::EmptyNamespace) {
return Some(result.to_string());
}
}
None
}
fn simplify_instruction(
instruction: &DisassembledInstruction,
strings: &HashMap<u64, String>,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> String {
match instruction.mnemonic.as_str() {
"mov" => simplify_mov(instruction, strings, context, global_variables, type_info),
"add" | "sub" | "imul" | "idiv" => simplify_arithmetic(instruction, context, type_info),
"and" | "or" | "xor" | "not" => simplify_bitwise(instruction, context, type_info),
"shl" | "shr" => simplify_shift(instruction, context, type_info),
"cmp" => simplify_cmp(instruction, context, type_info),
"test" => simplify_test(instruction, context, type_info),
"je" | "jne" | "jg" | "jge" | "jl" | "jle" | "ja" | "jae" | "jb" | "jbe" => simplify_conditional_jump(instruction, context),
"jmp" => simplify_jmp(instruction, context),
"call" => simplify_call(instruction, context, type_info),
"ret" => simplify_return(instruction, context, type_info),
"push" => simplify_push(instruction, context, type_info),
"pop" => simplify_pop(instruction, context, type_info),
"inc" => simplify_inc(instruction, context, type_info),
"dec" => simplify_dec(instruction, context, type_info),
"lea" => simplify_lea(instruction, context, global_variables, type_info),
"for_loop_start" => simplify_for_loop_start(instruction, context, type_info),
"function_prologue" => simplify_function_prologue(instruction, context),
"function_epilogue" => simplify_function_epilogue(context),
"nop" => String::new(),
"int3" => "// Breakpoint".to_string(),
_ => format!("// Unsimplified: {} {}", instruction.mnemonic, instruction.op_str),
}
}
fn simplify_mov(
instruction: &DisassembledInstruction,
strings: &HashMap<u64, String>,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let dest = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, global_variables, type_info);
let src = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, global_variables, type_info);
if let Some(string_value) = strings.get(&instruction.address) {
context.add_variable(dest.clone(), VarType::Pointer, Some(format!("\"{}\"", string_value)), true, false, None);
let versioned_dest = context.get_versioned_name(&dest);
format!("{} = \"{}\";", versioned_dest, string_value)
} else {
let var_type = infer_type(&src, type_info);
context.add_variable(dest.clone(), var_type.clone(), Some(src.clone()), false, false, None);
let versioned_dest = context.get_versioned_name(&dest);
format!("{} = {};", versioned_dest, src)
}
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified mov: {}", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn infer_type(value: &str, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> VarType {
if let Some(type_str) = type_info.get(value) {
match type_str.as_str() {
"int8_t" => VarType::Int8,
"int16_t" => VarType::Int16,
"int32_t" => VarType::Int32,
"int64_t" => VarType::Int64,
"uint8_t" => VarType::UInt8,
"uint16_t" => VarType::UInt16,
"uint32_t" => VarType::UInt32,
"uint64_t" => VarType::UInt64,
"float" => VarType::Float,
"double" => VarType::Double,
"bool" => VarType::Bool,
"char" => VarType::Char,
_ if type_str.ends_with('*') => VarType::Pointer,
_ => VarType::Unknown,
}
} else if value.starts_with("0x") {
VarType::UInt32 // Assume 32-bit for simplicity
} else if value.parse::<i32>().is_ok() {
VarType::Int32
} else if value.parse::<f32>().is_ok() {
VarType::Float
} else if value.starts_with('&') {
VarType::Pointer
} else {
VarType::Unknown
}
}
fn simplify_arithmetic(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let dest = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let src = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let op = match instruction.mnemonic.as_str() {
"add" => "+=",
"sub" => "-=",
"imul" => "*=",
"idiv" => "/=",
_ => unreachable!(),
};
format!("{} {} {};", dest, op, src)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified {}: {}", instruction.mnemonic, instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_bitwise(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let dest = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let src = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let op = match instruction.mnemonic.as_str() {
"and" => "&=",
"or" => "|=",
"xor" => "^=",
"not" => "= ~",
_ => unreachable!(),
};
format!("{} {} {};", dest, op, src)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified {}: {}", instruction.mnemonic, instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_shift(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let dest = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let src = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let op = if instruction.mnemonic == "shl" { "<<=" } else { ">>=" };
format!("{} {} {};", dest, op, src)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified {}: {}", instruction.mnemonic, instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_cmp(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let left = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let right = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
context.current_condition = Some(format!("{} - {}", left, right));
format!("// Compare: {} - {}", left, right)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified cmp: {}", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_test(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let left = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
let right = simplify_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
context.current_condition = Some(format!("{} & {}", left, right));
format!("// Test: {} & {}", left, right)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified test: {}", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_conditional_jump(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext) -> String {
let condition = match instruction.mnemonic.as_str() {
"je" => "==",
"jne" => "!=",
"jg" => ">",
"jge" => ">=",
"jl" => "<",
"jle" => "<=",
"ja" => "> (unsigned)",
"jae" => ">= (unsigned)",
"jb" => "< (unsigned)",
"jbe" => "<= (unsigned)",
_ => "?",
};
if let Some(ref current_condition) = context.current_condition {
format!("if ({} {} 0) {{ goto {}; }}", current_condition, condition, instruction.op_str)
} else {
format!("if (condition {}) {{ goto {}; }}", condition, instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_jmp(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext) -> String {
if let Some(current_switch) = context.current_switch() {
format!("goto {}_{};", current_switch, instruction.op_str)
} else if let Some(current_loop) = context.current_loop() {
if instruction.op_str == current_loop {
"continue;".to_string()
} else {
format!("goto {};", instruction.op_str)
}
} else {
format!("goto {};", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_call(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let target = simplify_operand(&instruction.op_str, context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
format!("{}();", target)
}
fn simplify_return(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeASSISTANT
Certainly! Let's continue implementing the `simplify_return` function and complete any remaining parts of the pseudocode generator. Here's the continuation and completion of your Rust module:
```rust
fn simplify_return(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
// Assuming the return value is in a specific register (e.g., EAX for x86)
// This can be adjusted based on the target architecture
let return_var = "eax"; // Placeholder for the actual return register
let return_expr = context.get_variable(return_var)
.map(|v| v.value.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| "0".to_string()))
.unwrap_or_else(|| "0".to_string());
format!("return {};", return_expr)
}
fn simplify_push(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let operand = simplify_operand(&instruction.op_str, context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
// For simplicity, we'll assume push corresponds to adding to a stack variable
// In a real scenario, you'd manage a virtual stack or track the stack pointer
// Here, we'll represent it as a comment
format!("// push({})", operand)
}
fn simplify_pop(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let operand = simplify_operand(&instruction.op_str, context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
// Similarly, represent pop as a comment
format!("// pop({})", operand)
}
fn simplify_inc(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let operand = simplify_operand(&instruction.op_str, context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
format!("{}++;", operand)
}
fn simplify_dec(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let operand = simplify_operand(&instruction.op_str, context, &HashMap::new(), type_info);
format!("{}--;", operand)
}
fn simplify_lea(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let dest = simplify_operand(parts[0].trim(), context, global_variables, type_info);
let src = simplify_memory_operand(parts[1].trim(), context, global_variables, type_info);
format!("{} = &{};", dest, src)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified lea: {}", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_for_loop_start(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext, type_info: &HashMap<String, String>) -> String {
let parts: Vec<&str> = instruction.op_str.split(',').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
let loop_var = parts[0].trim();
let loop_end = parts[1].trim();
// Initialize loop variable
format!("for (int {} = {}; {} < {}; {}++) {{\n", loop_var, "0", loop_var, loop_end, loop_var)
} else {
format!("// Unsimplified for_loop_start: {}", instruction.op_str)
}
}
fn simplify_function_prologue(instruction: &DisassembledInstruction, context: &mut PseudocodeContext) -> String {
// Typically, function prologue sets up the stack frame. In pseudocode, we can ignore it or represent it as a comment
"// Function prologue".to_string()
}
fn simplify_function_epilogue(context: &mut PseudocodeContext) -> String {
// Similarly, represent the function epilogue as a comment
"// Function epilogue".to_string()
}
fn simplify_operand(
operand: &str,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> String {
// Simplify registers, memory references, immediate values, etc.
// This is a placeholder implementation and should be expanded based on actual operand types
if operand.starts_with("0x") {
format!("0x{}", &operand[2..])
} else if operand.starts_with("eax") || operand.starts_with("ebx") || operand.starts_with("ecx") ||
operand.starts_with("edx") || operand.starts_with("esi") || operand.starts_with("edi") ||
operand.starts_with("esp") || operand.starts_with("ebp") {
// Map registers to variable names or track their values
let var_name = operand.to_string();
var_name
} else if operand.starts_with("[") && operand.ends_with("]") {
// Memory reference
let addr = &operand[1..operand.len()-1];
if let Ok(address) = u64::from_str_radix(addr.trim_start_matches("0x"), 16) {
if let Some(var) = global_variables.get(&address) {
var.clone()
} else {
format!("*(0x{:x})", address)
}
} else {
format!("*({})", addr)
}
} else {
operand.to_string()
}
}
fn simplify_memory_operand(
operand: &str,
context: &mut PseudocodeContext,
global_variables: &HashMap<u64, String>,
type_info: &HashMap<String, String>
) -> String {
// Simplify memory operands similar to simplify_operand
simplify_operand(operand, context, global_variables, type_info)
}
fn detect_condition(block: &BasicBlock, optimized: &OptimizedCode) -> String {
// Placeholder: Extract condition from the block's instructions
// This should be implemented based on how conditions are represented in your CFG
"condition".to_string()
}
fn detect_switch_variable(block: &BasicBlock, optimized: &OptimizedCode) -> String {
// Placeholder: Extract switch variable from the block's instructions
"switch_var".to_string()
}
fn detect_case_value(edge: &Edge, optimized: &OptimizedCode, jump_tables: &HashMap<u64, String>) -> String {
// Placeholder: Determine the case value based on the edge and jump table
"case_value".to_string()
}
fn detect_loops(cfg: &ControlFlowGraph) -> HashSet<usize> {
// Placeholder: Implement loop detection based on the CFG
HashSet::new()
}
fn detect_jump_tables(optimized: &OptimizedCode) -> HashMap<u64, String> {
// Placeholder: Implement jump table detection
HashMap::new()
}
fn compute_dominators(cfg: &ControlFlowGraph) -> Dominators<NodeIndex<u32>> {
// Placeholder: Implement dominator tree computation using petgraph
// Example: Use petgraph's dominators algorithm
let mut graph = Graph::<(), ()>::new();
for _ in 0..cfg.basic_blocks.len() {
graph.add_node(());
}
for edge in &cfg.edges {
graph.add_edge(edge.from.into(), edge.to.into(), ());
}
dominators::simple_fast(&graph, NodeIndex::new(0))
}
fn optimize_cfg(cfg: ControlFlowGraph) -> ControlFlowGraph {
// Placeholder: Implement CFG optimizations such as eliminating unreachable blocks, simplifying branches, etc.
cfg
}
fn generate_function_name(function: &Function, index: usize) -> String {
// Generate a unique function name, possibly based on its address or other heuristics
if !function.name.is_empty() {
function.name.clone()
} else {
format!("func_{:x}", function.start_address)
}
}
fn infer_types(
optimized: &OptimizedCode,
functions: &[Function],
control_flow: &HashMap<u64, ControlFlowGraph>
) -> HashMap<String, String> {
// Placeholder: Implement type inference based on analysis
// For now, return an empty map or default types
HashMap::new()
}
fn detect_global_variables(optimized: &OptimizedCode) -> HashMap<u64, String> {
// Placeholder: Implement global variable detection
// For simplicity, map addresses to variable names
optimized.global_vars.iter().map(|(addr, name)| (*addr, name.clone())).collect()
}
fn extract_strings(instructions: &[DisassembledInstruction]) -> HashMap<u64, String> {
// Placeholder: Extract string literals from instructions
HashMap::new()
}
// Additional helper functions can be added here as needed
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_generate_pseudocode_empty() {
let optimized = OptimizedCode {
instructions: vec![],
global_vars: HashMap::new(),
};
let functions = vec![];
let control_flow = HashMap::new();
let pseudocode = generate_pseudocode(&optimized, &functions, &control_flow).unwrap();
assert!(!pseudocode.is_empty());
assert!(pseudocode.contains("// Global Variables"));
assert!(pseudocode.contains("// Function Declarations"));
assert!(pseudocode.contains("// Function Definitions"));
}
#[test]
fn test_simplify_mov() {
let instruction = DisassembledInstruction {
address: 0x1000,
mnemonic: "mov".to_string(),
op_str: "eax, ebx".to_string(),
size: 2,
};
let mut context = PseudocodeContext::new();
let global_vars = HashMap::new();
let type_info = HashMap::new();
let line = simplify_mov(&instruction, &HashMap::new(), &mut context, &global_vars, &type_info);
assert_eq!(line, "eax_1 = ebx;");
}
#[test]
fn test_simplify_return() {
let instruction = DisassembledInstruction {
address: 0x1000,
mnemonic: "ret".to_string(),
op_str: "".to_string(),
size: 1,
};
let mut context = PseudocodeContext::new();
context.add_variable("eax".to_string(), VarType::Int32, Some("42".to_string()), false, false, None);
let type_info = HashMap::new();
let line = simplify_return(&instruction, &mut context, &type_info);
assert_eq!(line, "return 42;");
}
// Additional tests can be added to cover other simplification functions
}
```
### Explanation of the Continuation:
1. **`simplify_return` Function:**
- **Purpose:** Converts a `ret` instruction to a `return` statement in pseudocode.
- **Implementation:** Assumes the return value is in the `eax` register (common in x86 architecture). It fetches the value of `eax` from the context and returns it.
- **Note:** This implementation assumes x86 architecture; adjust the register as needed for other architectures.
2. **Other `simplify_*` Functions:**
- **`simplify_push` and `simplify_pop`:** Represent stack operations as comments since managing an actual stack is beyond the current pseudocode scope.
- **`simplify_inc` and `simplify_dec`:** Translate to increment (`++`) and decrement (`--`) operations.
- **`simplify_lea`:** Converts `lea` (Load Effective Address) to taking the address of a variable.
- **`simplify_for_loop_start`:** Translates detected loop patterns into a `for` loop structure.
- **`simplify_function_prologue` and `simplify_function_epilogue`:** Represent function prologue and epilogue as comments.
3. **Helper Functions:**
- **`simplify_operand` and `simplify_memory_operand`:** Simplify different types of operands (registers, memory references, immediate values).
- **`detect_condition`, `detect_switch_variable`, `detect_case_value`:** Placeholders for extracting conditions and switch cases from basic blocks.
- **`detect_loops` and `detect_jump_tables`:** Placeholders for loop and jump table detection logic.
- **`compute_dominators`:** Computes the dominator tree using Petgraph's dominators algorithm.
- **`optimize_cfg`:** Placeholder for CFG optimizations.
- **`generate_function_name`:** Generates unique function names based on their address or existing names.
- **`infer_types`, `detect_global_variables`, `extract_strings`:** Placeholders for type inference, global variable detection, and string extraction.
4. **Testing Module:**
- **Purpose:** Provides unit tests for some of the simplification functions to ensure correctness.
- **Tests Included:**
- **`test_generate_pseudocode_empty`:** Tests pseudocode generation with empty inputs.
- **`test_simplify_mov`:** Tests the `simplify_mov` function.
- **`test_simplify_return`:** Tests the `simplify_return` function.
- **Note:** Additional tests should be implemented to cover all simplification functions and edge cases.
5. **Placeholders and TODOs:**
- Many functions contain placeholders where specific implementations are needed, such as loop detection, switch statement handling, and CFG optimizations. These should be fleshed out based on the specific requirements and the structure of the `ControlFlowGraph` and other related data structures.
6. **Error Handling:**
- Throughout the code, simplification functions attempt to handle unexpected or complex instructions by leaving them as comments with `// Unsimplified` prefixes. This approach ensures that the pseudocode generator remains robust even when encountering unsupported or complex instructions.
7. **Extensibility:**
- The modular design with `simplify_*` functions allows for easy extension and addition of support for more instructions and patterns as needed.
### Final Notes:
- **Architecture-Specific Adjustments:** The current implementation assumes an x86-like architecture. If targeting different architectures (e.g., ARM), adjust register names and calling conventions accordingly.
- **Advanced Features:** Integrating more advanced features like symbolic execution, data flow analysis, and type inference can significantly enhance the pseudocode quality.
- **Performance Considerations:** For large binaries, consider optimizing data structures and algorithms to ensure the pseudocode generation process is efficient.
This continuation should provide a solid foundation for your pseudocode generator. Make sure to implement the placeholder functions with the appropriate logic based on your specific needs and the structure of your data.