turns-00021.parquet:7789
943ca2773a28ebf7892d2236
turn 6/7gpt-4-0125-previewEnglishGermany987 words
degenerate_repetitionAbsentFinal dense release
USER
"The precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, not to injure your neighbour, to render each man his due. This study is divided into two parts, public and private. The public part is that which relates to the nature of public authority in Rome: the private part is that which appertains to the affairs of individual persons." 3.3. The Modern Approach In the last few years Dicey's approach has been abandoned in favour of the Justinian. In O'Reilly v. Mackman," it was said that: "In modern times we have come to recognize two separate fields of law: one of private law, the other of public law. Private law regulates the affairs of subject as between themselves. Public law regulates the affairs of subject vis-a-vis public authorities." 3.4. The Reason for the Change The reason for the change-over into two fields is because, during the last 30 years, Common law has established a comprehensive system of administrative law. It bears some little resemblance to the droit administratif of France in that it fulfils a dual purpose. On the one hand it gives the subject an efficient remedy against a public authority. On the other hand, it protects a public authority from being harassed by busybodies and cranks. But it differs from the droit administratif in that it is all within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts: whereas in France the distinction is so complete that there is a different hierarchy of courts. Private law culminates in the cour de cassation: public law in the conseil d'Etat. 3.5. A Spectacular Advance It is in the realm of remedies that public law has made the most spectacular advance. In England, for instance, the Court of Appeal made a preliminary skirmish on 30 June 1982 in O'Reilly v. Mackman." But the main result was made by the House of Lords in two cases decided on 25 November 1982. They are O'Reilly v. Mackman and Cocks v. Thanet District Council."
ASSISTANT
| English | Persian | | --- | --- | | "The precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, not to injure your neighbour, to render each man his due. This study is divided into two parts, public and private. The public part is that which relates to the nature of public authority in Rome: the private part is that which appertains to the affairs of individual persons." | "فرامین قانون این است: به صادقانه زندگی کنید، به همسایه آسیب نرسانید، به هر فردی حق خود را بدهید. این مطالعه به دو بخش، عمومی و خصوصی، تقسیم شده است. بخش عمومی به ماهیت اقتدار عمومی در رم مربوط میشود: بخش خصوصی مربوط به امور افراد است." | | **3.3. The Modern Approach** | **3.3. رویکرد مدرن** | | In the last few years Dicey's approach has been abandoned in favour of the Justinian. | در چند سال گذشته، رویکرد دایسی به نفع رویکرد جاستینین کنار گذاشته شده است. | | "In modern times we have come to recognize two separate fields of law: one of private law, the other of public law. Private law regulates the affairs of subjects as between themselves. Public law regulates the affairs of subjects vis-a-vis public authorities." | "در دوران مدرن، ما دو حوزه جداگانه از قانون را شناختهایم: یکی حقوق خصوصی، دیگری حقوق عمومی. حقوق خصوصی امور افراد را در میان خودشان تنظیم میکند. حقوق عمومی امور افراد را در برابر اقتدارهای عمومی تنظیم میکند." | | **3.4. The Reason for the Change** | **3.4. دلیل تغییر** | | The reason for the change-over into two fields is because, during the last 30 years, Common law has established a comprehensive system of administrative law. | دلیل تغییر به دو حوزه این است که طی 30 سال گذشته، حقوق مشترک یک سیستم جامع حقوق اداری را مستقر کرده است. | | It bears some little resemblance to the droit administratif of France in that it fulfils a dual purpose. On the one hand it gives the subject an efficient remedy against a public authority. On the other hand, it protects a public authority from being harassed by busybodies and cranks. | این شباهت کمی به حقوق اداری فرانسه دارد، زیرا دو هدف را برآورده میکند. از یک طرف به شخص یک راهحل مؤثر در برابر یک اقتدار عمومی میدهد. از طرف دیگر، اقتدار عمومی را از آزار و اذیت توسط دخالتگران و شخصیتهای عجیب و غریب محافظت میکند. | | But it differs from the droit administratif in that it is all within the jurisdiction of the ordinary courts: whereas in France the distinction is so complete that there is a different hierarchy of courts. | اما از حقوق اداری فرانسه متفاوت است زیرا همه آن در صلاحیت دادگاههای عادی است: در حالی که در فرانسه این تمایز به قدری کامل است که یک سلسله مراتب متفاوت از دادگاهها وجود دارد. | | Private law culminates in the cour de cassation: public law in the conseil d'Etat. | حقوق خصوصی در دیوان کاساسیون به اوج میرسد: حقوق عمومی در شورای دولت. | | **3.5. A Spectacular Advance** | **3.5. پیشرفت چشمگیر** | | It is in the realm of remedies that public law has made the most spectacular advance. | در زمینه راهحلها است که حقوق عمومی بیشترین پیشرفت چشمگیر را داشته است. | | In England, for instance, the Court of Appeal made a preliminary skirmish on 30 June 1982 in O'Reilly v. Mackman." | به عنوان مثال، در انگلیس، دادگاه تجدیدنظر در تاریخ 30 ژوئن 1982 در پرونده O'Reilly در مقابل Mackman." یک درگیری اولیه داشت. | | But the main result was made by the House of Lords in two cases decided on 25 November 1982. They are O'Reilly v. Mackman and Cocks v. Thanet District Council." | اما نتایج اصلی توسط مجلس اعیان در دو پرونده که در 25 نوامبر 1982 تصمیمگیری شد، حاصل شد. آنها O'Reilly در مقابل Mackman و Cocks در مقابل شورای منطقه Thanet هستند." |