Respan Dataset Explorer

Matilda Coxe Stevenson, who explored the Rocky Mountains as an ethnologist and geologist,
undoubtedly accomplished much, but her place in our historical memory is perhaps more
______ than that of a noteworthy "first" such as Barbara Hillary, who was the first African
American woman to reach the North Pole, a deed for which she will always be remembered.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
a)A. deserving
c)C. enduring
b)B. uncertain
d)D. conspicuous

b)B. uncertain

Like all species of baleen whales, the common minke whale feeds on tiny creatures known as
krill by filtering water through bristlelike keratin structures called baleen plates. In this way,
baleen whales can eat up to 30 percent of their total mass per day. And while no one would
call the common minke whale small it can have a mass as high as 4,000 kg it is one of the
smaller baleen whales and is much smaller than the blue whale, which can weigh a whopping
150,000 kg and consume as much as 45,000 kg of krill per day.
Based on the text, what can most reasonably be concluded about krill consumption
among common minke and blue whales?
a)A. Both the common minke whale and the
blue whale can eat as much as 45,000 kg of
krill per day.
c)C. The quantities of krill consumed by blue
whales has made it di¨cult for common
minke whales to ¦nd su¨cient food.
b)B. The blue whale is able to eat more krill
per day than the common minke whale is
d)D. Most baleen whales include krill in their
diets, but the common minke whale is less
likely than the blue whale to do so.

b)B. The blue whale is able to eat more krill per day than the common minke whale is.

Many semiconductors contain copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs), which can leach into
waterways and soils via wastewater. In a 2019 study, Vanessa Koehle Divo and colleagues
found that CuO-NPs can accumulate in the bodies of Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea).While
bioaccumulation of manufactured nanoparticles may be inherently worrisome, it has been
hypothesized that CuONP bioaccumulation in invertebrates like C. fluminea could serve a
valuable proxy role, obviating the need for manufacturers to conduct costly and intrusive
sampling of vertebrate species such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), commonly used
in regulatory compliance testing for nanoparticle bioaccumulation, as environmental
protection laws currently require.
Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the hypothesis presented in the
text?
a)A. C. fluminea has been shown to
accumulate several other types of
manufactured nanoparticles in addition to
CuO-NPs, whereas O. mykiss has been
shown to accumulate only CuO NPs
c)C. Compared with O. mykiss, C. fluminea
can accumulate detectable CuO NP
concentrations with significantly fewer
negative effects.
b)B. The rate of CuO-NP uptake in C.
fluminea differs from the rate of CuO-NP
uptake in O. mykiss in a way that is not yet
well understood by researchers.
d)D. When C. fluminea and O. mykiss are
exposed to similar levels of CuO
NPs,concentrations of CuO-NPs in animals
of both species show little variation from
individual to individual.

b)B. The rate of CuO-NP uptake in C. fluminea differs from the rate of CuO-NP uptake in O. mykiss in a way that is not yet well understood by researchers.

Callie W. Babbitt, Hema Madaka, and colleagues assembled a database of materials used in
consumer electronics by studying products in the lab and by gathering data from similar
product studies. The team gave each of these studies a rating for level of traceability (with a
higher rating for clearer descriptions of procedures) and for category consistency (with a
higher rating for using materials categories more closely aligned with the categories in the
team's database). Based on these ratings, a second research team concluded that the
methodology was better explained in a study by Oguchi Masahiro and colleagues than it was
in a study by Timothy G. Townsend and colleagues.
Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the second research team's
conclusion?
a)A. The study by Townsend and colleagues
had a medium consistency rating and low
traceability rating.
c)C. The study by Oguchi and colleagues had
a low consistency rating and a low
traceability rating.
b)B. The study by Oguchi and colleagues had
a lower consistency rating than the study
by Townsend and colleagues did.
d)D. The study by Oguchi and colleagues had
a lower traceability rating than the study by
Townsend and colleagues did.

d)D. The study by Oguchi and colleagues had a lower traceability rating than the study by Townsend and colleagues did.

Mexican textile artist Victoria Villasana weaves stories of triumph, using her unique method of
applying colorful yarn to photographs of people. In some works, Villasana focuses on
celebrating cultural icons who are people of color, as she does in her depiction of musician
and composer Miles Davis. However, in other works, Villasana honors ordinary people, as she
does in her captivating portrayal of a young girl sitting on a sidewalk. Villasana sees both of
these approaches as ways of depicting the power and interconnectedness of all people.
Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence(However, in other works, Villasana honors ordinary people, as she
does in her captivating portrayal of a young girl sitting on a sidewalk.) in the text as a
whole?
a)A. To offer an overview of Villasana's
artistic style
c)C. To demonstrate that Villasana
collaborates frequently with other artists
b)B. To provide an example of an everyday
individual whom Villasana has portrayed in
her work
d)D. To emphasize that Villasana prefers to
focus on famous ¦gures in her wor

b)B. To provide an example of an everyday individual whom Villasana has portrayed in her work

Text 1
For decades, ornithologists assumed that if they saw a singing house sparrow a bird species
found in temperate North America, they must be observing a male. That's because birdsong
has long been considered a male trait; researchers have argued that singing enables males to
attract mates and claim territory.
Text 2
Recent evidence shows that a female house sparrow is as capable of song as a male is. In fact,
Karan J. Odom and colleagues found evidence of female song in 71% of the 323 species they
examined. They claim that the historical mischaracterization of birdsong as a male trait is
largely the result of bias: much of the research ornithologists have carried out has been near
universities in the temperate northern hemisphere, where female birdsong is less common
than it is in the tropics.
Based on the texts, how would Odom and colleagues (Text 2) most likely respond to the
view of birdsong presented in Text 1?
a)A. They would claim that other factors than
mate attraction and territorial defense
have driven the evolution of singing in
male birds.
c)C. They would suggest that it reflects a
tendency to study male birds rather than
female birds.
b)B. They would argue that it was
infleuenced by the kinds of study sites
researchers tended to select.
d)D. They would underscore that male
songbirds in temperate zones are likely
using their songs for different purposes
than are male songbirds in the tropics.

b)B. They would argue that it was influenced by the kinds of study sites researchers tended to select.

Arthurian legends (tales related to the character of King Arthur) derive from many often
contradictory sources, such as Englynion y Beddau, composed between the 9th and 10th
centuries, and Culhwch and Olwen from the second half of the 12th century. Sir Thomas
Malory's 15th-century text Le Morte d'Arthur was an attempt to compile these stories into a
coherent narrative. Many of Malory's sources derive from Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of
the Kings of Britain, written in the 1130s. While neither History nor any works that predate it
mention Arthur's famous Round Table at which his knights assembled, Le Morte'Arthur does,
suggesting that______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
a)A. Le Morte d'Arthur is more historically
accurate than History, because Cuthwch
and Owen had not been written when
Geoffrey of Monmouth was writing his
work.
c)C. when a version of an Arthurian legend
contradicted the version in History, Malory
preferred to include Geoffrey of
Monmouth's version in Le Morte d'Arthur.
b)B. Geoffrey of Monmouth's accounts of
Arthurian legends in History are more
similar overall in content to the accounts in
Culhwch and Owen than they are to the
accounts in Le Morte d'Arthur.
d)D. Malory encountered the Round Table in
a source that Geoffrey of Monmouth was
not familiar with when writing his History.

d)D. Malory encountered the Round Table in a source that Geoffrey of Monmouth was not familiar with when writing his History.

In September of 1989, Indonesia liberalized its stock market, meaning that it began allowing
foreign individuals and businesses to invest money in Indonesian companies. This was part of
a wave of stock market liberalizations from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s Venezuela
in 1990, Bangladesh in 1991, and so on. In an analysis of economic data from 1976 to 1993,
Ross Levine and Sara Zeros found that liberalization did not lead to enduring increases in
investment in companies based in countries that liberalized. Peter Blair Henry, however,
found that, on average, investment in companies in liberalized countries increased
significantly in the three years following liberalization. Taken together, these results suggest
that _____
Which choice most logically completes the text?
a)A. it typically takes at least three years for
companies to benefit from government
policies allowing foreign investment, but
governments rarely maintain such policies
for that long
c)C. investment growth is likely to be more
consistent in countries that liberalize than
in countries that do not.
b)B. companies based in countries that begin
allowing foreign investment will probably
see short-term increases in investment,
but that these gains are unlikely to last.
d)D. economists' expectations about the
effect of liberalization on investment were
largely correct.

b)B. companies based in countries that begin allowing foreign investment will probably see short-term increases in investment, but that these gains are unlikely to last.

The following text is adapted from Guy de Maupassant's 1884 short story "A
Recollection," from the collection Guy de Maupassant Short stories (translated by
Albert M.C. McMaster et al. in 1903). The narrator is taking a boat down the Seine river
from Paris, France, to the surrounding countryside.
I took up a position in the bows (front of the boat], standing up and looking at the quays, the
trees, the houses and the bridges disappearing behind us. And suddenly I perceived the great
viaduct of Point du Jour which blocked the river. It was the end of Paris, the beginning of the
country; and behind the double row of arches the Seine, suddenly spreading out as though it
had regained space and liberty, became all at once the peaceful river which flows through the
plains, alongside the wooded hills, amid the meadows, along the edge of the forests.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
a)A.The narrator contrasts his feelings of
apprehension with the apparent tranquility
of the river as the boat enters the
countryside.
c)C. The movement out of the city and into
the countryside seems to the narrator to
be reflected in the characteristics of the
river he's traveling on.
b)B. The narrator is anxious for the trip to
the countryside to be over as quickly as
possible, and is frustrated that it is taking
so long.
d)D. The narrator is happy to be presented
with a new environment to explore even
though he didn't expect to be leaving the
city during this journey.

c)C. The movement out of the city and into the countryside seems to the narrator to be reflected in the characteristics of the river he's traveling on.

In a study of new technology adoption, Davit Marikyan et al. examined negative
disconfirmation (which occurs when experiences fall short of one’s expectations) to determine
whether it could lead to positive outcomes for users. The team focused on established users
of “smart home” technology, which presents inherent utilization challenges but tends to
attract users with high expectations, often leading to feelings of dissonance. The researchers
found that many users employed cognitive mechanisms to mitigate those feelings, ultimately
reversing their initial sense of disappointment.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
a)A. Research suggests that most users of
smart home technology will not achieve a
feeling of satisfaction given the utilization
challenges of such technology.
c)C. Research suggests that users with high
expectations for a new technology can feel
content with that technology even after
experiencing negative disconfirmation.
b)B. Although most smart home technology
is aimed at meeting or exceeding users’
high expectations, those expectations in
general remain poorly understood.
d)D. Although negative disconfirmation has
often been studied, little is known about
the cognitive mechanisms shaping users’
reactions to it in the context of new
technology adoption.

c)C. Research suggests that users with high expectations for a new technology can feel content with that technology even after experiencing negative disconfirmation.