Respan Dataset Explorer

Usual locations of seborrheic eczema (dermatitis) are:
Question 6 Select one or more:

a.
Hands

b.
Feet

c.
Upper trunk

d.
Face

e.
Scalp

**Question:** Usual locations of **seborrheic eczema (seborrheic dermatitis)**.

---

**Seborrheic dermatitis** typically affects areas rich in sebaceous glands.

**Common locations:**

- **Scalp (e)** — classic location (dandruff, scaling patches).  
- **Face (d)** — especially nasolabial folds, eyebrows, eyelids.  
- **Upper trunk (c)** — often involves upper chest and back.

**Less typical/uncommon locations:**

- **Hands (a)** — not usual for seborrheic dermatitis.  
- **Feet (b)** — uncommon.

---

### Correct answers:  
**c. Upper trunk**  
**d. Face**  
**e. Scalp**

Treatment of epidermolysis bullosa includes:
Question 7 Select one or more:

a.
Steroids

b.
Antihistamines

c.
Trauma prevention

d.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

e.
Anabolic preparations

**Question:** Treatment of **epidermolysis bullosa** includes:

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**Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)** is a group of genetic disorders characterized by skin fragility and blister formation due to minor trauma.

**Key points in treatment:**

- Mainly **supportive and preventive**.  
- **Preventing trauma** to reduce blister formation is critical.  
- Symptomatic treatment includes wound care, infection prevention, and managing itching.

---

**Option analysis:**

- **a. Steroids**  
  - Generally **not routinely used** as they may worsen skin fragility and delay healing.

- **b. Antihistamines**  
  - Can be used to relieve **itching**, which may help reduce trauma from scratching.

- **c. Trauma prevention**  
  - **Absolutely essential** to minimize blister formation.

- **d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)**  
  - Can be used for **pain and inflammation control**.

- **e. Anabolic preparations**  
  - Not standard treatment for EB.

---

### **Correct answers:**  
**b. Antihistamines**  
**c. Trauma prevention**  
**d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs**

---

**Summary:** Treatment of EB is mainly supportive, focusing on trauma prevention, symptom control (itch and pain), and wound care. Steroids and anabolic agents are not typical treatments.

Distinctive clinical features of herpes zoster are:
Question 8 Select one:

a.
Painful symmetrical grouped vesicles, no erythema

b.
Painless symmetrical isolated vesicles, erythema

c.
Painless asymmetrical erythema, no vesicles

d.
Painful asymmetrical grouped vesicles, erythema

e.
All the variants are possible

**Question:** Distinctive clinical features of **herpes zoster** are:

---

**Herpes zoster** (shingles) is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus, characterized by:

- **Painful** skin lesions (often preceding the rash).  
- **Asymmetrical** distribution, typically following a dermatome.  
- **Grouped vesicles** on an erythematous base.

---

Let's analyze the options:

- **a. Painful symmetrical grouped vesicles, no erythema**  
  - Incorrect: lesions are **asymmetrical**, and erythema is typically present.

- **b. Painless symmetrical isolated vesicles, erythema**  
  - Incorrect: usually **painful**, usually **grouped**, and **asymmetrical**.

- **c. Painless asymmetrical erythema, no vesicles**  
  - Incorrect: vesicles are a hallmark.

- **d. Painful asymmetrical grouped vesicles, erythema**  
  - Correct: classic description of herpes zoster.

- **e. All the variants are possible**  
  - Incorrect.

---

### **Correct answer:**  
**d. Painful asymmetrical grouped vesicles, erythema**

Organ that is NOT affected by lepromatous leprosy:
Question 9 Select one:

a.
Bones

b.
Testicles

c.
Eyes

d.
Lungs

e.
Liver

**Question:** Organ that is **NOT** affected by **lepromatous leprosy**.

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**Lepromatous leprosy** is a multibacillary form of leprosy caused by *Mycobacterium leprae*, characterized by widespread skin lesions and involvement of several organs and tissues, including:

- **Bones** — affected due to nerve damage and direct invasion → **Yes, affected**.  
- **Testicles** — common site of involvement causing atrophy → **Yes, affected**.  
- **Eyes** — involvement leading to keratitis, iritis, and blindness → **Yes, affected**.  
- **Lungs** — usually **NOT affected** by *M. leprae*. Respiratory system is not a typical target in lepromatous leprosy.  
- **Liver** — generally not involved in lepromatous leprosy.

Between lungs and liver, the liver is also typically spared, but lungs especially are rarely involved.

---

### Considering the most correct answer:

**d. Lungs**

---

### **Correct answer:**  
**d. Lungs**

Method that allows diagnosing of head pediculosis: 
Question 10 Select one:

a.
Iodine test

b.
Culture

c.
Unaided eye examination

d.
Positive intracutaneous allergic test

e.
Microscopy

**Question:** Method that allows diagnosing **head pediculosis** (head lice infestation):

---

**Head pediculosis** is diagnosed by identifying lice or their eggs (nits) on the scalp or hair shafts.

Let's analyze the options:

- **a. Iodine test**  
  - Not typically used for diagnosing pediculosis.

- **b. Culture**  
  - Lice do not grow in culture; this is not a diagnostic method.

- **c. Unaided eye examination**  
  - Possible but often difficult, especially for nits. Can miss some infestations.

- **d. Positive intracutaneous allergic test**  
  - Not applicable for diagnosis.

- **e. Microscopy**  
  - Examining hair or scalp scrapings under a microscope is a **accurate** method to detect lice or nits.

---

### However, in practical clinical settings:

- **Unaided eye examination** is often the first and usual method, by looking closely at hair and scalp.

- **Microscopy** confirms or aids diagnosis, especially to differentiate nits from dandruff or scales.

---

### Most suitable answer:

**e. Microscopy**

---

### **Correct answer:**

**e. Microscopy**

Types of ichthyosis that have intrauterine clinical manifestations:
Question 11 Select one or more:

a.
“Harlequine” ichthyosis

b.
X-linked ichthyosis

c.
Ichthyosis vulgaris

d.
Lamellar ichthyosis

e.
Epidermolytic ichthyosis

**Question:** Types of ichthyosis that have **intrauterine clinical manifestations**.

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**Background:**  
Some severe types of ichthyosis show clinical signs already in utero **(intrauterine)**, such as abnormal skin shedding, thickened skin, or characteristic deformities detectable by ultrasound or at birth.

---

### Analysis of options:

- **a. “Harlequin” ichthyosis**  
  - Severe, lethal form with thick, armor-like skin present at birth, with **intrauterine manifestations** including fetal skin abnormalities detectable by prenatal imaging.  
  - **Yes**, intrauterine manifestations.

- **b. X-linked ichthyosis**  
  - Usually presents after birth or in early infancy; **no significant intrauterine signs**.  
  - **No** intrauterine manifestations.

- **c. Ichthyosis vulgaris**  
  - Mild form, usually appears in early childhood, not intrauterine.  
  - **No**.

- **d. Lamellar ichthyosis**  
  - Severe congenital ichthyosis often presenting at birth with thick scales; some cases show signs late in pregnancy.  
  - **Yes**, may have intrauterine manifestations.

- **e. Epidermolytic ichthyosis**  
  - Presents at birth with blistering and erythroderma, may show skin fragility and peeling **already at birth**; intrauterine signs possible but less well defined. Some literature suggests possible intrauterine changes.  
  - Generally considered **yes** for prenatal manifestation.

---

### **Correct answers:**  
**a. “Harlequin” ichthyosis**  
**d. Lamellar ichthyosis**  
**e. Epidermolytic ichthyosis**

---

### Summary:  
- Harlequin ichthyosis is the classic ichthyosis with distinct intrauterine manifestations.  
- Lamellar and epidermolytic ichthyosis also can have signs evident at or shortly after birth, sometimes detectable before birth.  
- X-linked and ichthyosis vulgaris typically do not show prenatal manifestations.

Treatment of vulgar psoriasis typically includes:
Question 12 Select one or more:

a.
Systemic steroids

b.
Cytostatics

c.
Topical and systemic antibiotics

d.
Topical vitamin D

e.
Topical steroids

**Question:** Treatment of **vulgar psoriasis** typically includes:

---

**Vulgar psoriasis** (plaque psoriasis) treatment involves various modalities, mainly:

- **Topical treatments** for mild to moderate disease.  
- **Systemic treatments** (immunosuppressants, cytostatics) for severe or resistant cases.  
- **Avoid systemic steroids** generally, as they can cause rebound or exacerbation.  
- Antibiotics are **not routinely used** unless there is secondary infection.  
- Topical vitamin D analogs and steroids are mainstays.

---

### Option analysis:

- **a. Systemic steroids**  
  - Generally **not recommended** due to risk of severe rebound psoriasis.

- **b. Cytostatics** (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine)  
  - Used in **moderate to severe cases**.  
  - **Yes**, included in typical treatment.

- **c. Topical and systemic antibiotics**  
  - Not typical unless secondary infection occurs.  
  - **No** as standard treatment.

- **d. Topical vitamin D** (e.g., calcipotriol)  
  - Widely used and effective topical treatment.  
  - **Yes**.

- **e. Topical steroids**  
  - Mainstay of topical therapy.  
  - **Yes**.

---

### **Correct answers:**  
**b. Cytostatics**  
**d. Topical vitamin D**  
**e. Topical steroids**

---

### Summary:  
- Topical steroids and vitamin D analogs are first-line topical treatments.  
- Cytostatics (systemic) are used for more severe disease.  
- Systemic steroids and antibiotics are generally not part of routine psoriasis treatment.

Clinical types of onychomycosis (tinea unguinum) do not include:
Question 13 Select one:

a.
Hypertrophic

b.
Proximal type

c.
Profound

d.
Distal-lateral type

e.
White superficial type

**Question:** Clinical types of **onychomycosis (tinea unguium)** **do NOT** include:

---

**Onychomycosis** has several recognized clinical types:

- **Distal-lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO)** — most common type, affecting distal/lateral nail.  
- **White superficial onychomycosis (WSO)** — white patches on the nail surface.  
- **Proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO)** — affects proximal nail fold, common in immunocompromised.  
- **Endonyx onychomycosis** (sometimes called "profund" or "profound" type), involves invasion of the nail plate without subungual hyperkeratosis.  
- **Hypertrophic type** — nails become thickened and distorted due to fungal infection.

**Note:** "Profound" (c) is not a standard term used in classification of onychomycosis — the correct term is **Endonyx** type.

---

### Option Review:

- **a. Hypertrophic** — recognized manifestation due to thickened nails.  
- **b. Proximal type** — recognized.  
- **c. Profound** — **NOT a typical clinical type** nomenclature; possibly a mistranslation or incorrect term.  
- **d. Distal-lateral type** — recognized.  
- **e. White superficial type** — recognized.

---

### **Correct answer:**  
**c. Profound**

---

**Summary:**  
All options except "Profound" accurately represent clinical types or manifestations of onychomycosis.

Transformation into scars can be characteristic for:
Question 14 Select one:

a.
Erosion

b.
Superficial excoriation

c.
Ulcer

d.
Papule

e.
Vegetation

**Question:** Transformation into scars can be characteristic for:

---

Let's analyze each option regarding the potential for **scar formation**:

- **a. Erosion**  
  - Partial loss of the epidermis only; usually *does not* scar because the dermis remains intact.  
  - **No**, erosion typically heals without scarring.

- **b. Superficial excoriation**  
  - Minor skin trauma limited to epidermis, heals without scarring.  
  - **No**, no scarring.

- **c. Ulcer**  
  - Loss of both epidermis and dermis, sometimes deeper tissue; healing usually involves scar formation.  
  - **Yes**, ulcers typically scar.

- **d. Papule**  
  - Solid, elevated lesion, usually no tissue loss.  
  - **No**, does not scar.

- **e. Vegetation**  
  - Hyperplastic or proliferative lesions, may heal with scarring depending on cause and extent, but not typically described as scarring lesion per se.  
  - Less characteristic.

---

### **Correct answer:**  
**c. Ulcer**

---

**Summary:** Scarring commonly occurs after **ulcers** due to deeper skin loss. Erosions and superficial excoriations heal without scars.

Acyclovir in case of herpes simplex should be indicated:
Question 15 Select one:

a.
800 mg 5 times a day

b.
200 mg 5 times a day

c.
600 mg twice daily

d.
200 mg twice daily

e.
400 mg 5 times a day

**Question:** Acyclovir dosing in case of **herpes simplex** should be:

---

**Standard oral dosing for herpes simplex (e.g., HSV labialis, genital herpes) in adults** is:

- **Acyclovir 200 mg orally, 5 times daily** for 5 days (typical treatment course).

Higher doses like 800 mg or 400 mg are not standard for herpes simplex; 600 mg twice daily is more for herpes zoster.

---

### Review of options:

- **a. 800 mg 5 times a day** — Higher than usual dose, not standard for HSV.  
- **b. 200 mg 5 times a day** — Correct standard dose for HSV.  
- **c. 600 mg twice daily** — Used in herpes zoster treatment.  
- **d. 200 mg twice daily** — Too low frequency for HSV treatment.  
- **e. 400 mg 5 times a day** — Not standard.

---

### **Correct answer:**  
**b. 200 mg 5 times a day**

---

**Summary:**  
Acyclovir 200 mg five times daily is the standard oral dose for treating herpes simplex infections.